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The ancestral shape hypothesis: an evolutionary explanation for the occurrence of intervertebral disc herniation in humans

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30 April 2015

The ancestral shape hypothesis: an evolutionary explanation for the occurrence of intervertebral disc herniation in humans

Recent studies suggest there is a relationship between intervertebral disc herniation and vertebral shape. The nature of this relationship is unclear, however. Humans are more commonly afflicted with spinal disease than are non-human primates and one suggested explanation for this is the stress placed on the spine by bipedalism. With this in mind, we carried out a study of human, chimpanzee, and orangutan vertebrae to examine the links between vertebral shape, locomotion, and Schmorl’s nodes, which are bony indicators of vertical intervertebral disc herniation. We tested the hypothesis that vertical disc herniation preferentially affects individuals with vertebrae that are towards the ancestral end of the range of shape variation within Homo sapiens and therefore are less well adapted for bipedalism … MORE

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Association of Early Imaging for Back Pain With Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults

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13 April 2015

Association of Early Imaging for Back Pain With Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults

In contrast to the recommendations for younger adults, many guidelines allow for older adults with back pain to undergo imaging without waiting 4 to 6 weeks. However, early imaging may precipitate interventions that do not improve outcomes.The objective of this study was to compare function and pain at the 12-month follow-up visit among older adults who received early imaging with those who did not receive early imaging after a new primary care visit for back pain without radiculopathy … ABSTRACT

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Transitions in Osteopathic Medical Education

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8 April 2015

Transitions in Osteopathic Medical Education

Health care in the United States has become an extremely complex maze. The era of a generalist opening a practice in a small town is ending as payment systems and quality- and value-based care models emerge. The health care workforce is changing to meet these demands as nonphysician and lower cost providers increasingly enter the maze. Team-based care is rapidly becoming the model of choice.
The educational institutions that train osteopathic physicians (ie, DOs) have a fundamental role in determining how osteopathic medicine will exist and be practiced in light of these demands. The present theme issue of The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (JAOA) highlights how osteopathic medical education is changing to meet these demands and considers some of today’s challenges in achieving high-quality education. MORE about this editorial.
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Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials

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7 April 2015

Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials

The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the management of spinal pain and osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Randomised controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of paracetamol with placebo for spinal pain (neck or low back pain) and osteoarthritis of the hip or knee were the criteria for selecting studies … MORE

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Clinical effectiveness of osteopathic treatment in chronic migraine: 3-Armed randomized controlled trial

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5 April 2015

Clinical effectiveness of osteopathic treatment in chronic migraine: 3-Armed randomized controlled trial

Migraine is a serious public health concern of considerable consequences to both the migraineur and society. The overall migraine prevalence in Europe is approximately 10–15%. Although migraine is considered a benign disorder, the annual cost of migraine-related lost productivity is extensive.The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of OMT on chronic migraineurs using HIT-6 questionnaire, drug consumption, days of migraine, pain intensity and functional disability … MORE

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Atlanto-axial facet displacement during rotational high-velocity low-amplitude thrust: An in vitro 3-D kinematic analysis

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5 April 2015

Atlanto-axial facet displacement during rotational high-velocity low-amplitude thrust: An in vitro 3-D kinematic analysis

Very little is known about the kinematics of the upper cervical spine in particular during Manual Therapy techniques. In fact no data about displacement of the atlanto-axial joint during High-Velocity Low-Amplitude (HVLA) thrust are available. Knowing the precise kinematics of these vertebrae might allow a better comprehension of such important technique and possible vital structures involvement … ABSTRACT

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Prevalence and characteristics of women who consult with osteopathic practitioners during pregnancy; A report from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health

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5 April 2015

Prevalence and characteristics of women who consult with osteopathic practitioners during pregnancy; A report from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health

The use of complementary medicine (CM) is common during pregnancy with visits to osteopathic practitioners growing in recent years. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of women who consult osteopathic practitioners during pregnancy … ABSTRACT

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Neural responses to the mechanical characteristics of high velocity, low amplitude spinal manipulation: Effect of specific contact site

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5 April 2015

Neural responses to the mechanical characteristics of high velocity, low amplitude spinal manipulation: Effect of specific contact site

Systematic investigations are needed identifying how variability in the biomechanical characteristics of spinal manipulation affects physiological responses. Such knowledge may inform future clinical practice and research study design. The objective of this study was to determine how contact site for high velocity, low amplitude spinal manipulation (HVLA-SM) affects sensory input to the central nervous system … ABSTRACT

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Clinical examination findings as prognostic factors in low back pain: A systematic review of the literature

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5 April 2015

Clinical examination findings as prognostic factors in low back pain: A systematic review of the literature

There is a strong tradition of performing a clinical examination of low back pain (LBP) patients and this is generally recommended in guidelines. However, establishing a pathoanatomic diagnosis does not seem possible in most LBP patients and clinical tests may potentially be more relevant as prognostic factors. The aim of this review of the literature was to systematically assess the association between low-tech clinical tests commonly used in adult patients with acute, recurrent or chronic LBP and short- and long-term outcome … MORE

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Don’t get caught flat footed – how over-pronation may just be a dysfunctional model

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21 March 2015

Don’t get caught flat footed – how over-pronation may just be a dysfunctional model

Over-pronation, flat feet, pes planus, fallen arches… a topic of some controversy among the bodywork and movement community, and a brief review of the literature may offer some insight as to why this is so. With reported incidence levels ranging from less than 1% to as much as 78%, the means of defining a foot as “flat” has poor agreement (Evans & Rome 2011). In addition to this, whether or not the static flat foot in standing posture is actually related to over-pronation in dynamic or loaded movement, such as gait, is also debated (Buldt et al 2013) … ABSTRACT

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